Elevated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
By: Dr. Nicola J. Nasser, MD, PhD
May 5, 2012
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PSA blood levels may increase due to
prostate cancer or benign, non-malignant,
conditions. PSA Blood levels may increase
due to:
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis (infection in the prostate)
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Ejaculation before PSA testing
Prostate manipulation before PSA testing
(digital rectal examination, receptive anal
intercourse, fisting, prostate biopsy).
Estimated risk of prostate cancer in men >
65 years as a function of PSA test result:
| PSA
Level (ng/ml) |
Risk of Prostate
Cancer |
|
≤ 0.5 |
~ 5 % |
|
0.5 - 1.0 |
~ 10% |
|
1.0 - 2.0 |
~ 15% |
|
2.0 - 4.0 |
~ 25% |
|
4.0 - 10.0 |
15 -35 % |
|
> 10.0 |
50 -67 % |
References:
1) Prevalence of
Prostate Cancer among Men with a
Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤4.0 ng per
Milliliter. Ian Thompson et al. N Engl
J Med 2004; 350:2239-2246.
To read this article press here.
2) Measurement of Prostate-Specific Antigen
in Serum as a Screening Test for Prostate
Cancer. William Catalona et al. N Engl
J Med 1991; 324:1156-1161
To read this article press here.
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